SAT Subject Test in Latin

The SAT Subject Test in Latin assesses students' knowledge of Latin language and literature, focusing on grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension.

Basic Concepts

Latin Grammar Essentials

The Building Blocks of Latin

Latin grammar is at the heart of understanding and mastering the language. Unlike English, Latin relies heavily on word endings (inflections) to convey the role of each word in a sentence. This means that you need to pay close attention to noun cases, verb conjugations, and adjective agreements.

Key Noun Cases

There are six main cases in Latin, each serving a specific purpose:

  • Nominative: The subject of the sentence.
  • Genitive: Shows possession.
  • Dative: Indicates the indirect object.
  • Accusative: The direct object.
  • Ablative: Used for means, manner, or separation.
  • Vocative: Used for direct address.

Verb Conjugations

Latin verbs change their endings based on person, number, tense, mood, and voice. Memorizing the four main conjugations and their patterns is crucial for translating and understanding sentences.

Adjective Agreement

Adjectives in Latin must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. This means the endings must always match!

Practice Makes Perfect

Regular drills, parsing exercises, and reading simple sentences can help solidify your grasp of Latin grammar.

Examples

  • Puella rosam amat. ('The girl loves the rose.') — 'puella' (nominative, subject), 'rosam' (accusative, direct object).

  • Servus domini librum portat. ('The slave carries the master's book.') — 'domini' is genitive, showing possession.

In a Nutshell

Latin grammar uses inflections and endings to communicate meaning, making it essential to learn cases, conjugations, and agreements.

Key Terms

Conjugation
A set of verb forms showing different tenses, moods, voices, persons, and numbers.
Declension
A group of nouns or adjectives that share the same set of case endings.