Kidneys and Metabolism in Crisis

Critical illness can damage the kidneys or throw off the body's balance of fluids and electrolytes.

Recognizing Emergencies

• Acute kidney injury: Sudden loss of kidney function.
• Electrolyte imbalances: Problems with sodium, potassium, or calcium can cause dangerous heart rhythms or organ failure.
• Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis: The body’s acid-base balance goes haywire.

Interventions

Nurses monitor urine output, lab values, and watch for signs of swelling, confusion, or abnormal heart rhythms.

Real-World Challenge

A patient with sepsis develops high potassium and low urine output. The nurse notifies the doctor, prepares to administer medications, and sets up for emergency dialysis if needed.