The Three Laws That Explain Motion

Isaac Newton described how objects move with three simple laws:

First Law (Inertia)

Objects stay still or keep moving unless something forces them to change.

Second Law (Force and Acceleration)

The bigger the force, the more an object accelerates. Heavier things need more force to move.

Third Law (Action and Reaction)

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. If you push on a wall, it pushes back with the same force.

Formula

\[ F = m \times a \]

Where \( F \) is force, \( m \) is mass, and \( a \) is acceleration.

Real-World Connections

• Jumping off a small boat pushes it backward (action and reaction).
• Pushing a shopping cart makes it speed up; a heavier cart is harder to push.