Making Sense of Numbers

Fractions, decimals, and percents are different ways to describe numbers that aren’t whole. You’ll use these every day, from splitting a pizza to figuring out discounts at a store!

Fractions

A fraction shows part of a whole. The top number (numerator) tells how many parts you have, while the bottom number (denominator) tells how many equal parts make up the whole.

Decimals

Decimals are another way to show parts of a whole using a dot called a decimal point. They’re great for money and measurements.

Percents

Percents are like decimals and fractions, but they always compare to 100. The percent sign (%) tells you how many out of 100.

Converting Between Them

• To turn a fraction into a decimal, divide the top by the bottom.
• To make a decimal a percent, multiply by 100 and add the % sign.
• To turn a percent into a fraction, write it over 100 and simplify.

Real-World Uses

• Fractions help when you share snacks or recipes.
• Decimals are used with money and measurements.
• Percents show discounts, test scores, and battery life.