Overthrowing the Old Order

The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of drastic social and political upheaval in France that profoundly affected the rest of Europe.

Causes

• Economic crisis and rising bread prices.
• Social inequality among the three Estates.
• Influence of Enlightenment ideas.

Key Events

• The storming of the Bastille in 1789.
• The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
• The Reign of Terror and the rise of Napoleon.

Outcomes

The revolution ended absolute monarchy in France and promoted principles like liberty, equality, and fraternity. It also led to years of war across Europe.

Modern Connections

The French Revolution’s ideals influence movements for democracy and social justice worldwide.