AP European History

Advanced Placement European History studying European civilization from 1450 to present.

The Renaissance and HumanismThe EnlightenmentThe French Revolution
Industrialization and UrbanizationNationalism and UnificationThe World Wars
Applying Historical Thinking SkillsConnecting Past to PresentEffective Note-Taking and Organization
Mastering Multiple-Choice QuestionsWriting Strong Essays
The Renaissance and ...The EnlightenmentThe French Revolutio...Industrialization an...Nationalism and Unif...The World WarsApplying Historical ...Connecting Past to P...Effective Note-Takin...Mastering Multiple-C...Writing Strong Essay...
Advanced Topics

Nationalism and Unification

The Rise of Nation-States

Nationalism, the belief in the unity and independence of people with shared culture and history, became a powerful force in 19th-century Europe.

Unification Movements

  • Italy unified under leaders like Cavour and Garibaldi.
  • Germany unified under Otto von Bismarck, using war and diplomacy.

Effects on Europe

  • Creation of new nation-states.
  • Tension and conflict as borders changed and minorities sought autonomy.

Enduring Impact

Nationalism continues to influence politics, sometimes promoting unity and sometimes causing division.

Examples

  • The unification of Germany in 1871 changed the balance of power in Europe.

  • Nationalist movements challenged empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.

In a Nutshell

Nationalism fueled the creation of modern nation-states and shaped European borders.

Key Terms

Nationalism
A political ideology centered on the interests and culture of a nation.
Realpolitik
Politics based on practical and material factors, exemplified by Bismarck.
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The World Wars