Middle School Earth and Space Science

Middle School Earth and Space Science explores the dynamic systems of our planet and the universe, fostering curiosity about geology, meteorology, astronomy, and environmental science.

Basic Concepts

Rocks, Minerals, and the Rock Cycle

Exploring Rocks and Minerals

Rocks and minerals are the building blocks of the geosphere. Minerals are naturally occurring substances with a specific chemical composition, while rocks are made up of one or more minerals.

Types of Rocks

  • Igneous: Formed from cooled lava or magma.
  • Sedimentary: Created from layers of sediment pressed together over time.
  • Metamorphic: Rocks that have changed due to heat and pressure.

The Rock Cycle

The rock cycle is a continuous process where rocks change from one type to another through melting, cooling, weathering, and pressure. This cycle helps shape Earth's surface.

The Importance of Rocks and Minerals

We use rocks and minerals every day, from building materials to electronics!

Fun Fact

Diamonds are minerals made entirely of carbon atoms arranged in a crystal structure.

Examples

  • Granite countertops are made from igneous rock.

  • Sandstone cliffs at the beach are formed from sedimentary rock.

In a Nutshell

Rocks and minerals undergo changes in the rock cycle, creating Earth's landforms.