High School Biology

High School Biology explores the fundamental concepts of life sciences, including cellular biology, genetics, evolution, and ecology.

Basic Concepts

Genetics and Heredity

How Traits Are Passed On

Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next. Traits are physical or behavioral characteristics, like eye color or the ability to roll your tongue.

DNA and Genes

  • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): The molecule that stores genetic information.
  • Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.

Genes come in pairs, and the combination you inherit from your parents determines your traits. This process follows patterns described by Gregor Mendel, known as Mendelian inheritance.

Genetic Variation

Variation in genes is what makes each person unique and is the basis for evolution and adaptation.


Understanding genetics helps us predict inherited diseases, improve crops, and even solve crimes with DNA evidence!

Examples

  • Blue eyes are inherited from parents through specific gene combinations.

  • Genetic mutations can lead to diseases like cystic fibrosis.

In a Nutshell

Genetics explains how traits are inherited through genes and DNA.

Key Terms

Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a trait.
Allele
Different versions of the same gene.
Mutation
A change in a DNA sequence that can affect traits.