The Building Blocks of Life

All living organisms are made up of cells, the basic units of life. Cells can exist as single-celled organisms (like bacteria) or as parts of complex multicellular organisms (like humans). There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic (without a nucleus) and eukaryotic (with a nucleus).

Parts of a Cell

• Cell membrane: A protective barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
• Nucleus: The control center containing genetic material (DNA).
• Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid where cell processes occur.
• Mitochondria: The “powerhouse” of the cell, releasing energy from food.
• Chloroplasts (in plants): Where photosynthesis happens.

Cell Functions

Cells perform essential life functions such as respiration, reproduction, and response to stimuli.

Understanding cells helps us learn how diseases develop, how plants grow, and even how to create new medicines!