How Atoms Connect: Bonds and Shapes

Chemical bonding is the glue that holds atoms together, forming molecules with distinct shapes and properties. The GRE Chemistry test often asks about the types of bonds—ionic, covalent, metallic—and how electron arrangements shape molecules.

Types of Bonds

• Ionic bonds form when electrons transfer from one atom to another (e.g., NaCl).
• Covalent bonds involve shared electrons (e.g., H₂O).
• Metallic bonds feature delocalized electrons allowing conductivity.

Molecular Geometry

The VSEPR theory predicts 3D shapes based on electron pairs around a central atom. Shape affects polarity, reactivity, and physical properties.

Everyday Relevance

Designing drugs relies on understanding molecular shape and bonding, as even small differences can alter biological activity.