AP Physics 1

Advanced Placement Physics 1 covers the fundamentals of mechanics, waves, and electricity in preparation for college-level physics.

Basic Concepts

Newton's Laws of Motion

The Rules That Govern All Motion

Newton's three laws form the backbone of classical mechanics. They explain why things move (or stay still!) and how forces affect motion.

Newton’s First Law: The Law of Inertia

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a net force.

Newton’s Second Law: The Law of Acceleration

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass: \[ F = ma \]

Newton’s Third Law: Action and Reaction

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Push on a wall, and it pushes back!

Why Are These Laws Important?

Everything from launching a skateboard to sending a rocket to space depends on understanding these laws.

Key Formula

\[F = ma\]

Examples

  • A soccer ball accelerates when you kick it because of the force from your foot.

  • When you jump off a boat, the boat moves backward due to action-reaction pairs.

In a Nutshell

Newton's laws explain how forces cause changes in an object's motion.

Key Terms

Force
A push or pull that can change an object's motion.
Inertia
An object's resistance to changes in its motion.
Net Force
The sum of all forces acting on an object.