AP English Literature and Composition

AP English Literature and Composition focuses on the analysis of literary texts and the development of critical reading and writing skills.

Basic Concepts

Close Reading and Annotation

What is Close Reading?

Close reading is the careful, sustained interpretation of a brief passage of text. It involves paying attention to details, language, structure, and meaning at both the surface and deeper levels.

How to Annotate

Annotating means marking up the text with notes, underlining key passages, and jotting down questions or reactions. This helps you engage more deeply with the material and remember important insights.

Tips for Effective Close Reading

  • Look for unfamiliar words and figurative language.
  • Notice tone, mood, and narrative voice.
  • Ask yourself what the author is really saying beneath the surface.
  • Highlight or underline striking images or phrases.
  • Write brief notes in the margins about your reactions or questions.

Why It Matters

Mastering close reading and annotation is the foundation for all textual analysis and will make writing essays and participating in discussions much easier.

Real-World Connection

Being able to closely read and annotate helps you understand contracts, instructions, and even social media posts with a critical eye.

Examples

  • Underlining metaphors in a Shakespearean sonnet and noting their effect.

  • Highlighting important dialogue in a novel and writing questions about a character’s motivation.

In a Nutshell

Careful, detailed reading and active note-taking unlock deeper meaning in any text.

Key Terms

Annotation
The act of adding explanatory notes or comments to a text.
Close Reading
A detailed and focused analysis of a passage or text.