What Are Scientific Models?

Scientists use models to simplify complex systems—like weather, ecosystems, or atoms—so they’re easier to study and understand.

Types of Models

• Physical Models: Scale versions, like a globe or solar system model.
• Mathematical Models: Equations that describe how things change, like \( d = rt \) (distance = rate × time).
• Conceptual Models: Diagrams or flowcharts showing relationships.

Using Models on the ACT

You might be asked to interpret a model or compare it to real data. Understanding how a model works helps you predict what would happen in the real world.

Real-World Connection

Models help us plan, test, and make decisions—from building bridges to predicting disease outbreaks.