Statistics

Study of data collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation.

Types of DataData Collection MethodsDescriptive Statistics
Probability and Probability DistributionsInferential StatisticsCorrelation and Regression
Statistics in SportsStatistics in MedicineStatistics in Business and Marketing
Reading and Interpreting GraphsAvoiding Common Statistical Mistakes
Types of DataData Collection Meth...Descriptive Statisti...Probability and Prob...Inferential Statisti...Correlation and Regr...Statistics in SportsStatistics in Medici...Statistics in Busine...Reading and Interpre...Avoiding Common Stat...
Advanced Topics

Inferential Statistics

Making Predictions and Conclusions

Inferential statistics let us go beyond the data we have to make guesses about bigger groups.

Estimation

  • Point Estimate: A single value used to estimate a population parameter.
  • Confidence Interval: A range that likely contains the true value.

Hypothesis Testing

We set up a claim (hypothesis) and use sample data to decide if it's likely true for the whole population.

  • Null Hypothesis (\(H_0\)): The default assumption (no effect).
  • Alternative Hypothesis (\(H_1\)): What we want to test.

Why Use Inferential Statistics?

They help us make informed decisions without needing to collect data from every single member of a population!

Examples

  • Using a poll of 100 people to predict election results for a city.

  • Testing if a new medicine works better than the old one.

In a Nutshell

Inferential statistics help us draw conclusions about big groups from small samples.

Next
Correlation and Regression