Security A+

Security A+ covers essential concepts and practices in cybersecurity, preparing students for a career in protecting information systems.

Fundamentals of CybersecurityTypes of Threats and AttacksAuthentication and Access Control
Network Security and FirewallsEncryption and Data ProtectionIncident Response and Recovery
Setting Up Secure PasswordsRecognizing and Avoiding PhishingBacking Up Data
Eliminate Weak Answers FirstUse Mnemonics for Key Concepts
Fundamentals of Cybe...Types of Threats and...Authentication and A...Network Security and...Encryption and Data ...Incident Response an...Setting Up Secure Pa...Recognizing and Avoi...Backing Up DataEliminate Weak Answe...Use Mnemonics for Ke...
Basic Concepts

Types of Threats and Attacks

Common Threats in Cybersecurity

The digital world is full of different types of threats. Knowing what they are is the first step to defending against them.

Malware

Malware is short for "malicious software." It includes viruses, worms, spyware, and ransomware — all designed to damage or steal information.

Phishing

Phishing happens when attackers pretend to be someone trustworthy to trick you into giving up passwords or personal data, often through fake emails or websites.

Social Engineering

Social engineering uses psychological tricks to manipulate people into breaking security rules or revealing confidential information.

Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks

Attackers overload systems or networks, making them slow or unavailable to real users.

Why Knowing Threats Matters

Identifying and understanding threats helps you spot dangers before they cause harm.

Real-World Examples

  • A school network is locked by ransomware, and attackers demand payment to unlock it.
  • Someone receives a fake email pretending to be their bank, asking for their password.

Examples

  • A company’s computers are infected with ransomware, locking files until a payment is made.

  • Someone clicks a link in a fake email and accidentally shares their login details.

In a Nutshell

Cyber threats come in many forms, like malware and phishing, each with unique dangers.

Key Terms

Malware
Software designed to harm or exploit computers and networks.
Phishing
A scam where attackers trick people into revealing personal information.
Social Engineering
Manipulating people into giving up confidential data.
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Authentication and Access Control