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Which of the following was a result of the Neolithic Revolution?
The Neolithic revolution was marked by innovations in agriculture. As a result, not all people needed to be farmers; instead, they began to specialize in different jobs. The answer choice "job specialization" is correct.
This period led to an increase in the food supply (rather than shortages), an increase in the world population (not a decrease), and increased trade (rather than decreased). Furthermore, work done outside the home—such as herding—was typically performed by men and began to be valued more highly than work done inside the home, which was typically performed by women, leading to increased gender inequality.
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The Neolithic Revolution first took place in ________.
The Neolithic Revolution is the first recognized agricultural revolution in human history. It marked the transition from hunter-gatherer tribes into established and settled agricultural communities - thus allowing for a massive expansion in population, as well as the development of art and culture for the first time in human history. It first occurred in what is known as the “Fertile Crescent” - particularly fertile and abundant lands in Ancient Mesopotamia (now called The Middle East). Historical sources vary, but most scholars agree that the Neolithic Revolution began around 12,000-10,000 B.C.E. and had resulted in complicated societies (like the Sumerians) by 5,500 B.C.E.
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The “Fertile Crescent” can be found near __________.
The “Fertile Crescent” is the name given to the agricultural plains of Ancient Mesopotamia, which are abundant in comparison to the surrounding desert. The land of the “Fertile Crescent” can be found around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in and around modern Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Southern Turkey, and Northern Saudi Arabia. This area's importance to history is that it was the first part of the world that we know of to inspire humanity's adoption of a settled and agricultural life, which in turn lead to the first powerful empires and cultures of the ancient era.
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A pharaoh was __________.
Kings and queens of ancient Egypt were called pharoahs. Examples of notable pharaohs include Rameses II, Hatshepsut, Tutankhamen, and Cleopatra.
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The Rosetta Stone was used to __________.
Prior to the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, the written language of ancient Egypt had proven indecipherable. With the Rosetta Stone, people were able to understand the ancient Egyptian written language for the first time in the 1820s.
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The ancient Egyptians often wrote on __________.
The ancient Egyptians wrote on paper that they made from reeds. This paper is called "papyrus."
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King Menes is generally credited with __________.
Menes is an Ancient Egyptian Pharoah who is usually credited with founding the first Egyptian dynasty and uniting Lower and Upper Egypt.
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The pyramids of Ancient Egypt were built to __________.
The Pyramids were built during the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egyptian history to house the bodies of Pharoahs after they had died.
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The Peleponnesian War was contested by
The Peleponessian War (431-404 BCE) completely transformed Greek politics, economics, and culture. The war pitted the democratic Athens and its similarly minded allies with authoritarian Sparta and its allies, which saw the entirety of ancient Greece divided along geographic and philosophical lines in a contested series of cil wars. Sparta's eventual victory in the conflict made Athens destitute and greatly weakened their allies as well, restructuring the power based of the entire Greek lands.
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What name is given to a self-governing city-state in Ancient Greek history?
The Ancient Greeks are often credited by historians with developing the world’s first representative democracy - particularly in the city state of Athens, where philosophy and democracy most prominently flourished. The Ancient Greek city-state was called a polis.
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Pericles is best remembered as a(n) __________.
Pericles is remebered as a champion of Athenian democracy in the fifth Century BCE. He led the Athenian democracy throughout much of its conflict with Sparta.
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The Peloponnesian Wars were fought between __________.
The Peloponnesian Wars were fought between Athens and Sparta in the fifth century BCE. The Greek city states had grown powerful and wealthy after defeating the invading Persians in the Persian Wars. Athens began to emerge as a hegemonic power in the region and worried Sparta with its expansionist tendencies. The two city-states went to war. The war ended in victory for the Sparta, destruction of Athens, and the disunity of the Greek city-states.
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Phillip of Macedon was the father of __________.
In the years after the Peloponnesian War, as the influence of the Greek city-states waned, the power of Macedon (to the north of Greece) rose spectacularly. Phillip of Macedon expanded Macedonian power greatly, and then his son Alexander the Great incorporated Greece into Macedonian control and proceeded to conquer much of the known world, reaching as far east as India.
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In Ancient Spartan society helots were __________.
Spartan society, as you probably know, was famous for its extreme militarization and organization. The Spartan army was the most accomplished in Ancient Greece and was victorious in numerous conflicts. These conflicts led to an influx of captured prisoners who were enslaved and used to work the fields and provide for the agricultural growth of Spartan society. They were called Helots.
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Solon and Draco were political reformers in which Ancient Greek city-state?
Solon and Draco are two notable political reformers in Ancient Athenian society. Before Solon democracy in Athens was virtually non-existent (indeed Solon himself was essentially a tyrannical figure). Solon instituted reforms to provide for direct democracy for many members of Athenian society. He also forbade debt-slavery. Draco is famous for instituting a code of laws in Athenian society - these laws were considered harsh, but just.
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What name was given to the colleciton of city-states led by Athens originally against Persian invasion?
In response to the continuous threat of Persian invasion in the fifth century B.C.E. Athens formed the extensive Delian League with dozens of islands and city-states dotted around the Aegean Sea and Asia Minor. The original purpose of the Delian League was to provide for a shared navy to protect against Persian invasion, but as the threat of Persian invasion waned Athens began to use the Delian League for its own purposes. This led to an outbreak of war with Sparta (and Sparta's Peloponnesian League) in 431 B.C.E.
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Which of these individuals is responsible for creating the famous Code of Laws that often defines the Babylonian civilization to modern historians?
Hammurabi's Code of Laws is the earliest known written-down legal system. Hammurabi was a Babylonian king circa 1800 BCE. The Babylonian civilization existed in various forms for roughly 1500 years from 2000 BCE to 500 BCE.
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The "Babylonian Captivity" involved __________.
The Babylon Captivity is a period of Jewish history when many Jewish citizens of the Kingdom of Judah were captured and forced into exile in ancient Babylon by the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar.
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The so-called "Babylonian Captivity" ended when __________.
The "Babylonian Captivity" of the sixth century BCE involved the forced imprisonment of much of the population of the Kingdom of Judah within the city of Babylon. It ended when Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon in 539 BCE and founded the Achaemenid Dynasty of Persia. Cyrus freed the Jewish people and they mostly returned to Judaea.
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The Ancient civilization of Babylon existed in the territory of what modern-day state?
The Ancient civilization of Babylon existed in the modern-day state of Iraq. Although you might not have known this immediately, you should know that Babylon was a Mesopotamian kingdom and that Iraq is the only modern country on this list which falls in the region of Mesopotamia.
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