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The country of Afghanistan was a __________ colony during the nineteenth century.
Afghanistan was conquered by the British in the nineteenth century, but due to its mountainous terrain and established history of guerrilla warfare against invading people, the British found it very difficult to hold the territory. It was an experience and challenge that would be repeated by the Russians and the Americans in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
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Which of these Empires was commonly referred to as "the sickman of Europe" by the end of the ninteenth century?
The Ottoman Empire was the dominant empire of the Middle East and North Africa for much of the Early Modern and Enlightenment period, but by the middle of the ninteenth century the influence of the Ottoman Empire had declined significantly. Many of the Balkan countries declared independence in the last few decades of the century, including Greece, and the Ottoman Empire was being propped up by the French and the British, who wanted to use the declining force as a buffer against Russian expansionist goals.
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The so-called "Auspicious Incident" involved the rebellion of which part of Ottoman society in the nineteenth century?
The "Auspicious Incident" occurred in the Ottoman Empire in 1826. It involved the rebellion of certain members of the Ottoman military called Janissaries. The rebellion was put down brutally, and the Ottoman Empire disbanded all of the Janissaries, replacing them with more modern regiments. It is likely you did not know this answer, but you should have been able to guess based on a knowledge of what "Janissaries" were within the Ottoman Empire. Janissaries were young Christian boys, often kidnapped during Ottoman wars, and trained to serve their lives in the Ottoman military. The Ottomans employed Janissaries in many battles throughout this time period.
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