European Impact of the Crusades - SAT Subject Test in World History

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Question

What advantage did the Crusades offer to European kings?

Answer

The kings of Europe, even those unconcerned with the "spiritual gains" to be made through the Crusades, were generally in support of them. That is because the Crusades offered no direct threat to their power and meant that many of the young, quarrelsome nobles, who would otherwise engage themselves in costly wars in Europe, were sent away.

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Question

Which of the following negative consequences occurred in Europe as a result of the Crusades?

Answer

The Crusades negatively affected European society because they led directly to an increased persecution of the Jewish population of most European countries. The idea that young Christians should be dying in religious wars to liberate the Holy Land while the "enemies of Christ" continued to live among Christian societies was abhorrent to many, and pogroms and other massacres and persecutions of Jewish people increased in regularity.

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Question

Which of these European kings was NOT involved in the Third Crusade?

Answer

The Third Crusade was waged from 1189 to 1192 and was an important part of the centuries-long attempt by Christian Europe to retake the Holy Land of Jerusalem from the Islamic Kingdoms. The Third Crusade was somewhat successful, although it failed in its main goal of retaking Jerusalem. It is sometimes called the "King's Crusade" because it was led by various kings of Europe, including Richard the Lionheart of England, Phillip II of France, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, and Leopold V of Austria.

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Question

Which of these was NOT a notable consequence of the Crusades in Europe?

Answer

The Crusades led directly to all of these consequences except an increase in religious tolerance in Europe. Rather, the Crusades contributed to a growth of religious intolerance (particularly against Jewish people) in Medieval Europe. The Crusades led to a growth of the European middle class because so many landed nobles and aristocrats perished in the efforts to retake the Holy Land; they left a power vacuum that was filled by the middle class, which had grown wealthy from the increase in trade caused by the same endeavor. The authority of the church also increased as Christendom became somewhat united behind one goal. Finally, technological innovation was encouraged in Europe by the returning knights who brought with them ideas and mathematical theories developed in the Islamic world.

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Question

On his return from the Holy Land following the Third Crusade, Richard the Lionheart was captured in __________ and held for ransom by __________.

Answer

On his return from the Holy Land, Richard the Lionheart was captured by his longtime rival Henry VI, the Holy Roman Emperor, in the city of Vienna. He was held for ransom by the Emperor which was eventually paid by an extreme tax on the English people. Richard returned to England briefly before departing to fight a series of wars against the French during one of which he was killed.

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