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One of Shaka Zulu’s chief means of uniting the peoples of southern Africa was
Shaka, who ruled the Zulu Kingdom from 1816-1828, completely transformed the culture of his people and made the Zulus a formidable foe to British Colonists in South Africa. With an increasing encroachment by both British and Dutch descended white Africans, the Zulus began a campaign against the forces of European nations. Shaka was above all a warrior king, who reorganized his entire society around new regiments of soldiers, and made all aspects of Zulu life serve his military.
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During the period of the Atlantic slave trade, the majority of African slaves were taken to which of the following locations?
During the Atlantic slave trade, most African slaves were sent to either Brazil or to plantations in the Caribbean. The Portuguese did not take slaves back to Portugal but rather to their many plantations in Brazil.
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The voortrekkers of South Africa were people largely descended from
The voortrekkers were descendants of the intial Dutch settlers from the Cape Colony. When British colonization of South Africa began in the 1830s, the voortrekkers moved inland to take the inland agricultural areas. In doing this, they displaced many native Africans, often with the use of considerable force.
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In which century did the British government abolish slavery throughout the British Empire?
The abolition movement began in Britain towards the end of the eighteenth century. In 1807, Parliament passed a law banning the slave trade, which made it illegal for any British citizen to buy or kidnap a slave from Africa; however, the institution of slavery remained in effect in some parts of the British Empire. This was ended by the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833.
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Shaka the warrior-king led which African people to military success in the early nineteenth century?
Shaka the Zulu is one of the most famous and significant African rulers of the nineteenth century. He is often credited with uniting several tribes into the Zulu nation and his military prowess is revered by some historians. His rule was also one of great brutality and relatively short-lived for such a famous king. (He ruled for a little over a decade.) He continues to be influential in African culture to this day, particularly in South Africa.
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Which of the following was not an effect of the Columbian Exchange on Africa?
The introduction of firearms in West Africa contributed to increased conflicts in this period among various tribes and kingdoms, leading to the collapse of larger states, including the greatest West African kingdoms (which had emerged before this period) that still remained. The growing Atlantic slave trade did cause societal collapse both by contributing to these growing conflicts and by taking millions of able-bodied people from Africa. Meanwhile, agriculture was transformed (and the demographic losses due to war and slavery were somewhat offset) by introduction of New World crops like peanuts and manioc.
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The Edo Period in Japan was notable for its economic and foreign policy that
The Edo Period began in 1603, after the Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu consolidated power over all Japan and moved the capital to Edo (modern day Tokyo). Tokugawa also stopped the trade networks with the Dutch and the Portuguese that had been established in the sixteenth century, walling Japan off from the rest of the world at a time of global expansion. This state of affairs lasted until the U.S. Navy Commodore Matthew Perry forced Japan to open up by force with a massive fleet in 1854, ending the long held power of the Tokugawa family and heralding a wave of modernization and militarization.
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The rapid industrialization of Japan in the late nineteenth century had as its impetus __________.
The Meiji Restoration refers to the moment in 1868 when the authority of the Emperor of Japan was renewed over the authority of the Shogunate, which had effectively ruled Japan since 1603. Due to authoritarian disputes with lesser nobles, the Shogun was pushed out of a position of power. In the process of taking back power, the Meiji Emperor also sought to rapidly industrialize and modernize the nation, creating a western style industry, military, and government.
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The Opium Wars were fought between which two countries?
The Opium Wars were fought in the middle of the nineteenth century between the British Empire and the Qing Dynasty of China. The wars were ostensibly fought as a result of British introduction of opium into China and the subsequent destruction that caused; however, the more relevant causes were general competition over trading rights and regional hegemony.
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What is the name given to the Samurai code of conduct?
The Samurai were a warrior caste of medieval Japan. They were governed by strict rules about how they ought to conduct themselves, and these rules placed great emphasis on loyalty, bravery, and honor. This code of conduct is called “Bushido."
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The Meiji restoration occurred in __________.
The Meiji Restoration occurred in 1868 in the country of Japan. The Meiji Restoration restored the Imperial government of Japan. It is often stated, particularly in American and European written histories of the time, that the Restoration occurred in order to strengthen Japan against the perceived threat of Western technology and Western economic expansion. The Meiji Restoration dramatically accelerated Japanese industrialization and lead to the country's emergence as an industrial and global power by the time of the Russo-Japanese war from 1904 to 1905.
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The Taiping Rebellion was inspired by which of the following?
The Taiping Rebellion is the name given to a massive Civil War that was waged in China from 1850 to 1864. The Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping was led by a man who believed himself to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ. He, along with his followers, wanted to replace the religions and traditions of China with Christianity. The rebels were also inspired by equal rights for women, shared property, and an overthrow of existing moral and legal traditions. The rebellion was eventually crushed by the Qing government of China with the help of the French and the British.
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Which of the following groups was lowest-ranked in the social caste system of Tokugawa era Japan?
In the Tokugawa period (1603-1867), social groups were ranked by how useful its members were to society based on Confucian principles. Merchants were generally seen as the least useful, as they simply made money off selling goods. Peasant farmers helped produce food, and were therefore seen as more useful and ranked above the merchants. The samurai (knights), daimyo (feudal lords), and shogun (national military leader) were all ranked toward the top of society, as they governed, managed, and owned the country and its land and people.
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Which conflict, concentrated in southern China in the mid to late 19th century, devastated the region, killed tens of millions of people, involved European military forces, and accelerated the decline of the Qing dynasty?
The Taiping rebellion of 1851-64, led by a Christian movement against the Qing dynasty and seeking to create a Christian kingdom in southern China, killed tens of millions of people, engulfed much of China (especially the south), required British and French help to defeat, and significantly weakened Qing power due to the devastation it caused and the rise of stronger provincial armies to crush the revolt. The two Opium Wars did involve European powers and contribute to the decline of the Qing dynasty, but they did not have nearly as devastating immediate effects on the Chinese population as the Taiping rebellion. The Boxer rebellion and First Sino-Japanese War also contributed to the Qing dynasty's decline, but were both events of the 1890s that had casualties in the thousands, as opposed to tens of millions, and were fought in northern China and the waters around China, and were not concentrated in Southern China.
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The resolution of what conflict made Japan the dominant power in East Asia?
The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 saw Japan defeat Russia to become the dominant power in East Asia. The First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 saw Japan defeat China and emerge as one of the major powers in the region, but not the dominant one. World War I was fought after Japan had emerged as a major world power. The Boxer Rebellion of 1899-1901 was simply an internal conflict in China in which foreign nations, including Japan, intervened, and did not have any direct major effect on Japan's status. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945 was fought long after Japan emerged as a major world power, and in fact became part of the larger conflict of World War II, in which Japan was totally defeated.
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Which of the following was not an achievement of the Meiji Restoration in Japan?
Japan was opened to foreign trade in the 1850s, before the Meiji Restoration period of 1867-1912. This period saw the restoration of imperial rule and the end of the shogunate, and a number of sweeping political, economic, and social reforms that included the abolition of the feudal social system that existed under the shogunate. The restored imperial regime oversaw relatively rapid modernization of Japan, and this included industrialization of the economy. These changes also allowed Japan to develop a modern military that enabled it to defeat both China and Russia in wars in this period, and emerge as the dominant power in East Asia.
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The Mughal Empire ruled most of which present day country?
The Mughal emperors came from a nomadic group in present day Uzbekistan, but over the course of the sixteenth century they conquered almost all of the Indian subcontinent. The Mughals adopted Persian culture, and they sought a syncretic cultural and religious approach that attempted to unify their various ruled peoples. The Mughal Empire ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for 250 years and was still ruling an area around Delhi until 1857.
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Which empire was dominant in the Indian subcontinent before the arrival of the British?
The Mughal empire conquered much of Northern and Western India in the sixteenth century. The Mughals established a capital at Delhi and governed India through a time of relative peace and economic expansion. They were displaced by the British after the arrival of the British East India Company on the Indian subcontinent.
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The Sepoy Rebellion took place in __________.
The Sepoy Rebellion was the precursor to the creation of the British Raj in 1857 in the Indian subcontinent. Prior to 1857, the British had ruled India in a comparably relaxed manner, focusing on establishing economic networks and propping up existing power structures; however, when the Indian troops of armies controlled by the British (Sepoys) rebelled in 1857, the British took direct control of India and tightened their grip on the political and social life of the people.
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The First Indian War of Independence, sometimes called the Sepoy Rebellion, took place in which century?
The First Indian War of Independence took place in 1857. It began when Indian and Muslim troops serving British authorities rebelled against those authorities and tried to overthrow British influence in India. The most significant consequence of the rebellion was that the British government decided to drop the pretense and take direct control of the Indian subcontinent. For the next ninety years, Britain would govern India as a colony, until India gained full independence in 1947.
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