increased trade routes and diplomatic relations between Christians and Muslims.

the establishment of a fuller Ottoman Empire with its capital in Constantinople.

the ability of Ottoman armies to make campaigns into Christian Europe.

the closing off of the Bosphorous Strait to European trading vessels.

the exodus of Greek speaking scholars to Italy, helping spark the Italian Renaissance.

halting the expansion of Islam into Western Europe

unifying the forces of Western Europe against Islam

removing the forces of Islam from Spain

capturing the Holy Land from Saladin and his forces

capturing North Africa for the growing Frankish Empire

conquering Constantinople

spreading Islam to North Africa

spreading Islam to India

conquering Spain

conquering the Balkans

Arab and Chinese armies

Chinese and Japanese armies

Chinese and Mongol armies

Indian and Mongol armies

Indian and Sikh armies