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What is the main difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?
Allopatric speciation occurs when two populations are separated geographically and diverge over time due to natural selection, genetic drift, and mutations. This may be due to a mountain range forming, a river, or any sort of geographic barrier. Sympatric speciation involves populations diverging without any sort of geographical barrier. Both occur today and both likely occurred in the past as well.
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