SAT Subject Test in Biology - SAT Subject Test in Biology
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Which of the following structures is not found in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following structures is not found in prokaryotic cells?
The correct answer is the "nucleus." Prokaryotes generally do not have membrane-enclosed organelles, and they do not have a nucleus. Plasmids are found in all prokaryotes, as well as in fungi. The other structures are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The correct answer is the "nucleus." Prokaryotes generally do not have membrane-enclosed organelles, and they do not have a nucleus. Plasmids are found in all prokaryotes, as well as in fungi. The other structures are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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An experiment was conducted in which motile bacteria were grown in petri dishes containing different concentrations of a collection of nutrients called yeast extract tryptone sea salts (YTSS). The bacterial growth of each dish was measured and the results are displayed in the given bar graph.
Which of the following is the most optimal concentration of YTSS for bacterial growth?
An experiment was conducted in which motile bacteria were grown in petri dishes containing different concentrations of a collection of nutrients called yeast extract tryptone sea salts (YTSS). The bacterial growth of each dish was measured and the results are displayed in the given bar graph.
Which of the following is the most optimal concentration of YTSS for bacterial growth?
This question examines your ability to read a graph correctly. The optimal concentration of YTSS for bacterial growth is the concentration of YTSS in the dish that allowed for the most bacterial growth in 24 hours. Looking across the vertical bars, which represent bacterial growth in millimeters, the dish that had the highest amount of bacterial growth was the dish containing a concentration of 
YTSS with ~54mm. And so the optimal concentration of YTSS for bacterial growth must be 
YTSS.
This question examines your ability to read a graph correctly. The optimal concentration of YTSS for bacterial growth is the concentration of YTSS in the dish that allowed for the most bacterial growth in 24 hours. Looking across the vertical bars, which represent bacterial growth in millimeters, the dish that had the highest amount of bacterial growth was the dish containing a concentration of
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Mammals that lay eggs, such as the platypus or echidna, are called which of the following?
Mammals that lay eggs, such as the platypus or echidna, are called which of the following?
Egg-laying mammals are rare, and are called monotremes (order monotremata). Marsupials are mammals that bear live young who continue to develop in a pouch. Most mammals are placental (such as humans), with live births and a placenta that facilitates nutrient and waste exchange between the mother and the fetus. Prokaryotes are microscopic single celled organisms lacking distinct nuclei and organelles. Autotrophs are organisms who make their own food (organic raw material) from inorganic energy sources.
Egg-laying mammals are rare, and are called monotremes (order monotremata). Marsupials are mammals that bear live young who continue to develop in a pouch. Most mammals are placental (such as humans), with live births and a placenta that facilitates nutrient and waste exchange between the mother and the fetus. Prokaryotes are microscopic single celled organisms lacking distinct nuclei and organelles. Autotrophs are organisms who make their own food (organic raw material) from inorganic energy sources.
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Which biome is characterized by hot, dry weather with mild, rainy winters, some vegetation, and occasional fires?
Which biome is characterized by hot, dry weather with mild, rainy winters, some vegetation, and occasional fires?
The chaparral biome is known for being rather dry and for having these characteristics. They are different than deserts, as deserts do not have a rainy season. While savannas are often warm, they have a longer 6-8 month rainy season.
The chaparral biome is known for being rather dry and for having these characteristics. They are different than deserts, as deserts do not have a rainy season. While savannas are often warm, they have a longer 6-8 month rainy season.
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Which of the following is not an abiotic component of an ecosystem?
Which of the following is not an abiotic component of an ecosystem?
Abiotic factors are non-living and molds are living.
Abiotic factors are non-living and molds are living.
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An ecosystem includes which of the following?
An ecosystem includes which of the following?
Ecosystems are composed of communities and communities are composed of populations. A biome is a larger unit than an ecosystem, as it includes multiple ecosystems.
Ecosystems are composed of communities and communities are composed of populations. A biome is a larger unit than an ecosystem, as it includes multiple ecosystems.
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Which of the following biomes is dominated by grasses and herbaceous plants, with some trees and shrubs, and characterized by seasonal rains, a pronounced dry season, and often large migratory mammals?
Which of the following biomes is dominated by grasses and herbaceous plants, with some trees and shrubs, and characterized by seasonal rains, a pronounced dry season, and often large migratory mammals?
The characteristics listed describe a savanna. Deserts can also have pronounced periods of rain and dryness but are not dominated by grasses and not populated by large migratory animals. Tropical rainforests and deciduous forests are dominated by trees and tundras tend to be colder and may not receive much rainfall, but often have moist soil due to low evaporation rates.
The characteristics listed describe a savanna. Deserts can also have pronounced periods of rain and dryness but are not dominated by grasses and not populated by large migratory animals. Tropical rainforests and deciduous forests are dominated by trees and tundras tend to be colder and may not receive much rainfall, but often have moist soil due to low evaporation rates.
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1. Largest biome in the world
2. Short, wet summers and long, cold winters
3. Flora consists of mostly coniferous trees
The given statements most closely describe which biome?
1. Largest biome in the world
2. Short, wet summers and long, cold winters
3. Flora consists of mostly coniferous trees
The given statements most closely describe which biome?
The taiga biome is the largest biome in the world and is characterized by short, rainy summers coupled with long, freezing winters. Due to its extremely cold temperatures, the taiga's flora or plant life consists of mostly coniferous trees that can survive on the scarce nutrients available in the cold climate of the biome. In contrast, the tundra is frozen year-round and permafrost prevents any trees from growing. Deciduous forests, as the name suggests, sports mainly deciduous trees as its plant life. The alpine biome consists mostly of the areas right below the snow lines of mountains and is generally dry year-round. The chaparral is a relatively small biome that is characterized as being mostly hot and dry year-round, with mild winters.
The taiga biome is the largest biome in the world and is characterized by short, rainy summers coupled with long, freezing winters. Due to its extremely cold temperatures, the taiga's flora or plant life consists of mostly coniferous trees that can survive on the scarce nutrients available in the cold climate of the biome. In contrast, the tundra is frozen year-round and permafrost prevents any trees from growing. Deciduous forests, as the name suggests, sports mainly deciduous trees as its plant life. The alpine biome consists mostly of the areas right below the snow lines of mountains and is generally dry year-round. The chaparral is a relatively small biome that is characterized as being mostly hot and dry year-round, with mild winters.
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Carbohydrates represent important macromolecules in the biochemical pathways of many organisms.
Which of the following is/are monosaccharide(s)?
I. Glucose
II. Fructose
III. Maltose
Carbohydrates represent important macromolecules in the biochemical pathways of many organisms.
Which of the following is/are monosaccharide(s)?
I. Glucose
II. Fructose
III. Maltose
Glucose and fructose are monomeric saccharides, or monosaccharides. The carbon to hydrogen to oxygen 
ratio exists in a 1:2:1 pattern indicative of a monomeric saccharide. The molecular formula of glucose and fructose is 
. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose.
Glucose and fructose are monomeric saccharides, or monosaccharides. The carbon to hydrogen to oxygen
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Disaccharides, such as maltose, are produced when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction.
Which of the following formulas represents a disaccharide?
Disaccharides, such as maltose, are produced when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction.
Which of the following formulas represents a disaccharide?
The disaccharide maltose is formed by the dehydration synthesis reaction of two glucose monomers. When simply adding the two glucose monomers together, it may be thought that the summation of the two 
will be the chemical formula of maltose. However, this does not account for the dehydration synthesis reaction in which one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms disappear. After accounting for these molecules the chemical formula for maltose will be represented by 
.
The disaccharide maltose is formed by the dehydration synthesis reaction of two glucose monomers. When simply adding the two glucose monomers together, it may be thought that the summation of the two
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Polysaccharides are considered sugar moieties that include 3 or more monomeric saccharides together.
Which of the following is/are polysaccharide(s)?
I. Glycogen
II. Starch
III. Cellulose
Polysaccharides are considered sugar moieties that include 3 or more monomeric saccharides together.
Which of the following is/are polysaccharide(s)?
I. Glycogen
II. Starch
III. Cellulose
Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are all polysaccharides composed of many glucose monomers linked together.
Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are all polysaccharides composed of many glucose monomers linked together.
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Animals and plants store glucose in saccharide polymers.
Which of the following is the polymer form of storage in plants and animals, respectively?
Animals and plants store glucose in saccharide polymers.
Which of the following is the polymer form of storage in plants and animals, respectively?
The sugar polymer form in which plants store energy is starch, whereas with animals, it is glycogen. While the other answers may in fact be sugar molecules involved in energy metabolism, they do not represent the primary sugar polymer storage molecule. Therefore the correct form of storage for plants is starch. And the correct form of storage for animals is glycogen.
The sugar polymer form in which plants store energy is starch, whereas with animals, it is glycogen. While the other answers may in fact be sugar molecules involved in energy metabolism, they do not represent the primary sugar polymer storage molecule. Therefore the correct form of storage for plants is starch. And the correct form of storage for animals is glycogen.
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In which of the following molecular forms do animals store energy?
In which of the following molecular forms do animals store energy?
Both lipids (fat) and glycogen (made up of glucose molecules) store energy in animals. Lipids are used for long-term energy storage while glycogen, found in the liver and muscles, is used for short-term energy storage. Peptidoglycan is the molecule that makes up the bacterial cell walls.
Both lipids (fat) and glycogen (made up of glucose molecules) store energy in animals. Lipids are used for long-term energy storage while glycogen, found in the liver and muscles, is used for short-term energy storage. Peptidoglycan is the molecule that makes up the bacterial cell walls.
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With regards to mitosis, which checkpoint is considered the most important?
With regards to mitosis, which checkpoint is considered the most important?
G1 is considered to be the most important checkpoint in the cell cycle. G1 precedes S and G2, so it decides if the cell is ready to commit the resources to go through the S phase, G2 phase, M phase, and then finally division. S is crucial for the replication of cellular materials and the duplication of DNA, but if the cell cannot pass G1, then it will never reach S phase.
G1 is considered to be the most important checkpoint in the cell cycle. G1 precedes S and G2, so it decides if the cell is ready to commit the resources to go through the S phase, G2 phase, M phase, and then finally division. S is crucial for the replication of cellular materials and the duplication of DNA, but if the cell cannot pass G1, then it will never reach S phase.
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Which three phases are included in Interphase?
Which three phases are included in Interphase?
During interphase, you have G1, or gap 1, in which the cell grows. Then you have S phase, in which the cell synthesizes its DNA. Finally, you have G2, or gap 2, in which the cell continues to grow again.
During interphase, you have G1, or gap 1, in which the cell grows. Then you have S phase, in which the cell synthesizes its DNA. Finally, you have G2, or gap 2, in which the cell continues to grow again.
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During the eukaryotic cell cycle, what is the function of the G2 checkpoint?
During the eukaryotic cell cycle, what is the function of the G2 checkpoint?
The G2 checkpoint of cell division prevents the cell from entering the mitotic or dividing phase until all chromosomes have accurately been replicated. Other answers: "Prevents sister chromatids from separating before each chromatid is secured to a spindle microtubule" refers to the spindle or M checkpoint. "Initiates the cell division process if conditions are favorable" and "Ensures that the cell has matured to a sufficient state before beginning synthesis" refer to functions of the restrictive or G1 checkpoint. "Ensures that each daughter cell has received the correct number of chromatids after cell division" is incorrect since there is no checkpoint in cell division to error check the results of mitosis.
The G2 checkpoint of cell division prevents the cell from entering the mitotic or dividing phase until all chromosomes have accurately been replicated. Other answers: "Prevents sister chromatids from separating before each chromatid is secured to a spindle microtubule" refers to the spindle or M checkpoint. "Initiates the cell division process if conditions are favorable" and "Ensures that the cell has matured to a sufficient state before beginning synthesis" refer to functions of the restrictive or G1 checkpoint. "Ensures that each daughter cell has received the correct number of chromatids after cell division" is incorrect since there is no checkpoint in cell division to error check the results of mitosis.
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The cell is the most basic unit of life in all known organisms. Integral to its function is its ability to maintain intracellular and extracellular boundaries. Maintaining these boundaries is the function of membranes.
Which of the following choices include cells that have both a cell wall and a membrane?
I. Bacterial cells
II. Fungal cells
III. Animal cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life in all known organisms. Integral to its function is its ability to maintain intracellular and extracellular boundaries. Maintaining these boundaries is the function of membranes.
Which of the following choices include cells that have both a cell wall and a membrane?
I. Bacterial cells
II. Fungal cells
III. Animal cells
Plants, bacteria, and fungi have both a membrane as well as a cell wall. On the other hand, animal cells have only a membrane.
Plants, bacteria, and fungi have both a membrane as well as a cell wall. On the other hand, animal cells have only a membrane.
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The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Plant cells are composed of __________.
The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Plant cells are composed of __________.
Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, a polysaccharide.
Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, a polysaccharide.
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The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Bacterial cells are composed of __________.
The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Bacterial cells are composed of __________.
Bacterial cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan, a protein and sugar moiety.
Bacterial cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan, a protein and sugar moiety.
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The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Fungi cells are composed of __________.
The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Fungi cells are composed of __________.
Fungal cells have cell walls composed of chitin, a polysaccharide similar in structure to cellulose.
Fungal cells have cell walls composed of chitin, a polysaccharide similar in structure to cellulose.
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