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The cell is the most basic unit of life in all known organisms. Integral to its function is its ability to maintain intracellular and extracellular boundaries. Maintaining these boundaries is the function of membranes.
Which of the following choices include cells that have both a cell wall and a membrane?
I. Bacterial cells
II. Fungal cells
III. Animal cells
Plants, bacteria, and fungi have both a membrane as well as a cell wall. On the other hand, animal cells have only a membrane.
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The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Plant cells are composed of __________.
Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, a polysaccharide.
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The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Bacterial cells are composed of __________.
Bacterial cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan, a protein and sugar moiety.
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The cell walls of bacteria, plants, and fungi are of varying composition. Fungi cells are composed of __________.
Fungal cells have cell walls composed of chitin, a polysaccharide similar in structure to cellulose.
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Which of the following is true of the endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum is made up of membrane-enclosed spaces used for the trafficking of materials that will be secreted from the cell. Therefore it is involved in exocytosis, not endocytosis. The smooth ER is involved in metabolism and lipid synthesis. The rough ER contains ribosomes accounting for its rough appearance and allowing it to be involved in protein synthesis.
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Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus are FALSE?
The Golgi aparatus does not synthesize lipids. Lipids are synthesized in the smooth ER.
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Which of the following accurately describes the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is described as "rough" because it is covered in ribosomes, which look like tiny beads along its surface. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum doesn't have these ribosomes all over its surface, so it appears flat and is described as "smooth" for this reason. The ribosomes function to make proteins.
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A student identifies a cell as prokaryotic. Which of the following could NOT be a characteristic of the cell?
A defining characteristic of prokaryotes is the lack of a true nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do contain ribosomes, DNA, and cell walls, and some but not all prokaryotes are capable of photosynthesis.
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____________ are hollow tubes made up of polymerized tubulin that provide support throughout the cell.
Microtubules are hollow tubes made up of polymerized tubulin that provide support throughout the cell.
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Which of the following characteristics are true of all enzymes?
Enzymes do not alter the equilibrium constant because enzymes are not consumed in the reaction.
Hint: Write out the equation for the equilibrium constant and notice that there is no variable for enzymes.
Enzymes are sensitive to temperature and pH, as high temperatures and very low pH can cause denaturation of an enzyme. Enzymes are only optimal at certain pH and temperature ranges.
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