SAT Subject Test in Biology

The SAT Subject Test in Biology assesses students' knowledge and understanding of biological concepts and processes.

Advanced Topics

Molecular Biology and Biochemistry

The Chemistry of Life

Molecular biology delves into the molecules that make life possible, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis

DNA is copied during replication and used as a template to synthesize proteins in two steps:

  1. Transcription: DNA → RNA
  2. Translation: RNA → Protein

Enzymes, which are proteins, speed up chemical reactions vital for life.

Real-World Relevance

This knowledge is the basis for biotechnology, genetic engineering, and medical diagnostics.

Key Formula

\[DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein\]

Examples

  • Insulin, a protein hormone, helps regulate blood sugar.

  • PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is used to amplify DNA in labs.

In a Nutshell

Molecular biology explains how molecules like DNA control the functions of life.

Key Terms

Enzyme
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.
Transcription
The process of copying DNA into RNA.