Physics

Study of matter, energy, and their interactions in the universe.

Advanced Topics

Relativity: Time, Space, and Speed

Einstein Changes Everything

Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity showed that time and space are linked—and both can stretch and shrink! When you move really fast (close to the speed of light), time actually slows down for you compared to people who are standing still.

E = mc²

The most famous equation ever: \( E = mc^2 \) (energy = mass × speed of light squared). This means a little bit of mass can become a lot of energy!

Weird, But True

  • GPS satellites have to adjust their clocks because time ticks differently in space!
  • High-speed particles in labs seem to live longer because time slows down for them.

Why It Matters

Relativity helps us understand black holes, GPS navigation, and how the universe works on a cosmic scale.

Key Formula

\[E = mc^2\]

Examples

  • A GPS satellite’s clock runs slightly faster than clocks on Earth.

  • Energy released in nuclear reactions comes from a tiny bit of mass.

In a Nutshell

Einstein’s relativity shows that space and time are connected, and energy and mass are two sides of the same coin.

Key Terms

Relativity
A theory describing how space and time are connected and affected by speed and gravity.
E = mc^2
The equation showing energy and mass are interchangeable.