What Are Atoms and Molecules?

Atoms are the tiny building blocks of everything around us. They consist of a nucleus (protons and neutrons) surrounded by electrons. When atoms bond together, they form molecules.

• Proton: Positively charged particle in the nucleus
• Neutron: Neutral particle in the nucleus
• Electron: Negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus

Chemical Bonds

Atoms combine to form molecules through bonds:

• Ionic Bonds: Transfer of electrons (like in table salt)
• Covalent Bonds: Sharing of electrons (like in water)

Why Structure Matters

The way atoms are arranged in a molecule determines its properties. Water molecules, for example, have a bent shape, making water liquid at room temperature and an excellent solvent.

Everyday Relevance

• The oxygen you breathe is made of O₂ molecules.
• Diamonds and graphite are both made of carbon atoms but have different structures, giving them unique properties.