Which of the following hormones can be found bound to a cytoplasmic receptor?

Which of the following hormones is not a peptide hormone?

ACTH is this type of hormone __________.

I. eicosanoid

II. steroid

III. polypeptide

IV. paracrine

V. None of these is a correct description

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of steroid hormones?

Which of the following is a direct hormone?

Which of the following statements is a key difference between a peptide hormone and a steroid hormone?

Which of the following hormones would not require a carrier protein in the bloodstream?

Which of the following hormones is a steroid hormone?

Which of the following is a peptide hormone?

Hypersensitivity reactions occur when body tissues are affected by an abnormal immune reaction. The result is damage to normal tissues and clinical illness. A peanut allergy is an example of a hypersensitivity reaction, but there are three additional broad classes.

One class involves the abnormal production or deposition of antibodies. Antibodies are B-cell derived molecules that normally adhere to pathogens, rendering them unable to continue an infection. When antibodies are produced against normal tissues, however, disease can result. Figure 1 depicts a schematic structure of an antibody.

Antibodies can be divided into two peptide chains: heavy and light. Heavy chains form the backbone of the antibody, and are attached to light chains via covalent bonding. Each heavy and light chain is then further divided into constant and variable regions. Variable regions exhibit molecular variety, generating a unique chemical identity for each antibody. These unique patterns help guarantee that the body can produce antibodies to recognize many possible molecular patterns on invading pathogens.

In some hypersensitivity reactions, antibodies circulating in the blood can bind to and activate hormone receptors. For example, in Graves disease, antibodies can activate cell surface receptors for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on thyroid tissue and cause excessive secretion of thyroid hormones. Based on this information, TSH most likely:

I. Is a peptide hormone

II. Modifies nuclear gene transcription

III. Is derived from cholesterol