The pancreas is one of the few organs with both exocrine and endocrine functions. Exocrine glands can release a variety of substances via ducts, while endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream without the use of ducts. Which of these choices is a pancreatic exocrine secretion?

What is the primary function of prolactin?

A researcher is analyzing the effects of a specific hormone. He observes that the hormone causes a signaling cascade in the cell that involves a second messenger molecule called cAMP. What can the researcher conclude about this hormone?

There are a large variety of over-the-counter pregnancy tests, although all of them share a set of common principles.

These home pregnancy tests are immunoassays which detect the presence of the peptide hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). hCG is produced by the fertilized ovum and released into the mother's bloodstream, preventing the degradation of the corpus luteum and thereby preventing menstruation. By the time of the mother's first missed period, hCG levels in the urine are high enough to detect.

The home pregnancy test generally involves dipping a stick containing immobilized hCG monoclonal antibodies into a urine sample. If hCG is present in the urine, it will bind to the monoclonal antibodies on the dipstick. The dipstick is then placed in a solution containing a second monoclonal antibody which recognizes the bound hCG antibody complex on the surface of the dipstick. This second antibody is conjugated to colloidal gold particles which change color when they are immobilized, indicating a positive test result (i.e., pregnancy).

Which of the following can be concluded from information given in the passage?

There are a large variety of over-the-counter pregnancy tests, although all of them share a set of common principles.

These home pregnancy tests are immunoassays which detect the presence of the peptide hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). hCG is produced by the fertilized ovum and released into the mother's bloodstream, preventing the degradation of the corpus luteum and thereby preventing menstruation. By the time of the mother's first missed period, hCG levels in the urine are high enough to detect.

The home pregnancy test generally involves dipping a stick containing immobilized hCG monoclonal antibodies into a urine sample. If hCG is present in the urine, it will bind to the monoclonal antibodies on the dipstick. The dipstick is then placed in a solution containing a second monoclonal antibody which recognizes the bound hCG antibody complex on the surface of the dipstick. This second antibody is conjugated to colloidal gold particles which change color when they are immobilized, indicating a positive test result (i.e., pregnancy).

The same techniques used in the home pregnancy test can be implemented in other clinical tests. Which of the following could not be detected using such techniques?

Consider two glands: gland A and gland B. Gland A releases insulin whereas gland B releases digestive zymogens. What can you conclude about these two glands?

Vasopressin is an alternate name for which hormone?

Which of these hormones is released by the posterior pituitary?

A gland that secretes both peptide and steroid hormones suddenly starts to malfunction. After analysis it is determined that the gland has dysfunctional free floating ribosomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The rest of the cell machinery is working fine. Which of the following can you conclude about the gland?

Which of the following hormones most likely affects gene expression in its target cell?