Most scientists subscribe to the theory of endosymbiosis to explain the presence of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. According to the theory of endosymbiosis, early pre-eukaryotic cells phagocytosed free living prokaryotes, but failed to digest them. As a result, these prokaryotes remained in residence in the pre-eukaryotes, and continued to generate energy. The host cells were able to use this energy to gain a selective advantage over their competitors, and eventually the energy-producing prokaryotes became mitochondria.

In many ways, mitochondria are different from other cellular organelles, and these differences puzzled scientists for many years. The theory of endosymbiosis concisely explains a number of these observations about mitochondria. Perhaps most of all, the theory explains why aerobic metabolism is entirely limited to this one organelle, while other kinds of metabolism are more distributed in the cellular cytosol.

The primary purpose of the electron transport chain of mitochondria described in the passage is __________.

Cyanide is very toxic in high enough doses because it binds irreversibly to cytochrome C. Which of the following is not an effect of cyanide's inhibition of cytochrome C?

A person is born with a mutation that causes their cells to not have the ability to produce the NADH dehydrogenase complex, the complex that allows the electron transport chain to make ATP from NADH. Will this patient be able to produce any enery at all from the ETC?

Most scientists subscribe to the theory of endosymbiosis to explain the presence of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. According to the theory of endosymbiosis, early pre-eukaryotic cells phagocytosed free living prokaryotes, but failed to digest them. As a result, these prokaryotes remained in residence in the pre-eukaryotes, and continued to generate energy. The host cells were able to use this energy to gain a selective advantage over their competitors, and eventually the energy-producing prokaryotes became mitochondria.

In many ways, mitochondria are different from other cellular organelles, and these differences puzzled scientists for many years. The theory of endosymbiosis concisely explains a number of these observations about mitochondria. Perhaps most of all, the theory explains why aerobic metabolism is entirely limited to this one organelle, while other kinds of metabolism are more distributed in the cellular cytosol.

A scientist is studying typical mitochondria as described in the passage. In the course of his study, he measures the generation of NADH and FADH2. What is the normal destination of NADH and FADH2?

When a certain bacterium undergoes aerobic respiration, which area would have the lowest pH?

The drug, DNP, destroys the H+ gradient that forms in the electron transport chain. What is the most likely consequence?

Which of the following areas of the mitochondria has the lowest pH?

Given a healthy individual with a normal metabolic rate, which of the following compounds is the most energy rich?

During aerobic respiration, which of the following pathways correctly orders the process of cellular metabolism after glycolysis in eukaryotic cells?

Imagine that a toxin is introduced to the body and inhibits the establishment of the proton gradient in the intermembrane space. What would you predict would be the result?