Operations - ISEE Middle Level Quantitative Reasoning

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Question

Which quantity is greater if ?

Answer

We know that is always positive for all values of . Therefore would be negative for all values of . From this conclusion, we know:

So we have:

is the greater quantity.

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Question

Which quantity is greater if ?

Answer

A positive number raised to the third power will be positive, while a negative number raised to the third power will remain negative.

If , then and .

If , then and .

Since we do not know if is positive or negative, we cannot draw a conclusion about which option is greater.

If , then is greater.

If , then is greater.

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Question

Which quantity is greater if ?

Answer

When we can write:

We know that and . Based on this, we can compare the two given quantities.

is the greater quantity.

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Question

Which quantity is greater if ?

Answer

We know that is greater than . We can easily test a few values for to determine if the values are increasing or decreasing.

If :

If :

If :

The value of is increasing, with the smallest possible value being . From this, we know that , so .

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Question

Which of the following is equivalent to ?

Answer

Using the distributive property:

and

Using the associative property of multiplication:

We can rewrite as ; using the commutative and associative properties of multiplication:

is the sum of unlike terms and cannot be simplified.

is the correct choice.

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Question

Which of the following is equivalent to ?

Answer

The expression is the sum of two unlike terms, and therefore cannot be further simplified. None of these responses is correct.

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Question

is a positive integer.

Which is the greater quantity?

(A)

(B)

Answer

Depending on the value of , it is possible for either expression to be greater or for both to be equal.

Case 1:

and

So the two are equal.

Case 2:

and

So (B) is greater.

The correct response is that it cannot be determined which is greater.

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Question

is a positive integer.

Which is the greater quantity?

(A)

(B)

Answer

Since , , so (A) is greater regardless of the value of .

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Question

is a positive integer.

Which is the greater quantity?

(A)

(B)

Answer

Since , and is positive,

then by the multiplication property of inequality,

making (A) greater regardless of the value of .

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Question

is a positive integer.

Which is the greater quantity?

(A)

(B)

Answer

Regardless of the value of , the expressions are equal.

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Question

Define an operation on the real numbers as follows:

For all real values of and ,

is a positive number. Which is the greater quantity?

(a)

(b)

Answer

so

and

The two are equal regardless of the value of .

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Question

Which is the greater quantity?

(a)

(b) 18

Answer

The information is insufficient, as we see by exploring two cases:

Case 1:

Case 2:

Remember, the three variables need not stand for whole numbers.

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Question

and are both negative numbers. Which is the greater quantity?

(a)

(b)

Answer

The two quantities are equal regardless of the values of and . To see this, we note that

and

Therefore, by the addition property of equality,

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Question

What is the value of ?

Answer

(The numerator and the denominator are both multiplied by 10 in order to convert the fraction to whole numbers.)

Therefore, 30 is the correct answer.

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Question

What is the value of ?

Answer

(The numerator and the denominator are both multiplied by 10 in order to convert the fraction to whole numbers.)

Therefore, 90 is the correct answer.

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Question

Simplify:

Answer

Since all of the variables are positive powers, this is easy. Start by reducing the numeric coefficient:

Next, cancel out the variables. Subtract the smaller power from the larger one. Remember that if there is no power listed, it is 1:

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Question

Simplify:

Answer

Since all of the variables are positive powers, this is easy. Start by reducing the numeric coefficient:

Next, cancel out the variables. Subtract the smaller power from the larger one. Remember that if there is no power listed, it is 1:

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Question

Simplify:

Answer

The easiest way to begin with questions like this one is to "flip" the negative exponents to the top or bottom of the fraction. When you do this, you make the exponent's sign positive:

Now, since all of the variables are positive powers, this is easy. Normally, you would begin by reducing the numeric coefficient. This is not necessary since there is only a 5 in the numerator. Therefore, combine the like variables first:

Next, cancel out the variables. Subtract the smaller power from the larger one. Remember that if there is no power listed, it is 1:

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Question

Simplify:

Answer

The easiest way to begin with questions like this one is to "flip" the negative exponents to the top or bottom of the fraction. When you do this, you make the exponent's sign positive:

Next, go ahead and reduce the numeric coefficient:

Then, combine the like variables first:

Finally, cancel out the variables. Subtract the smaller power from the larger one. Remember that if there is no power listed, it is 1:

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Question

Solve for :

Answer

To start, notice that the left side of the equation has a common factor of . You can factor this out:

becomes

Next, you can divide both sides by since you know that it does not equal :

Simplifying the right side, you get:

Finally, subtract from both sides:

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