Identifying Tendons and Ligaments - Human Anatomy and Physiology

The median nerve enters the hand through the carpal tunnel with the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis, felxor digitorum profundus, and flexor pollicus longus. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve becomes compressed within the carpal tunnel. Compression of the nerve results in tingling and numbness in the fingers.

The fascia lata of the thigh thickens laterally to form the iliotibial (IT) band. The crurial fascia of the leg is found below the knee. The anterior and posterior rectus sheaths are found in the abdominal region. The popliteal fascia is found on the posterior side of the knee.

The glenohumeral ligaments are not found in the knee. The superior, inferior, and medial glenohumeral ligaments are found in the shoulder and play a role in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint, which connects the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral meniscus are all structures found in the knee.

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is not part of the shoulder, but is a ligament on the medial side of the knee.

The superior glenohumeral ligament, acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligament, coracoacromial ligament are all ligaments of the shoulder. Major structures related to should functionality include the glenoid fossa, the acromion process, and the coracoid process, which are all structures of the scaupla. The humerus and clavicle articulate with the processes to form the shoulder joints.

The calcaneal tendon (also called the Achilles tendon) is formed from the combined tendons of all the superficial muscles of the posterior leg. These muscles are the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris.

The popliteus is a muscle of the posterior leg, however it is found in the deep layer. It functions in unlocking the knee from the extended position.

There are two different coronary ligaments in the body. The coronary ligament of the liver serves to connect the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm; as this is not an answer option, we must be looking at the second type of coronary ligament.

The coronary ligament of the knee serves to connect the menisci to the tibial condyles, and is continuous with the joint capsule of the knee.

Tendons always connect muscles to bones, and ligaments always connect bones to bones. Reticular tissues are connective tissue that are found around the liver, kidneys, and other organs. Aponeuroses are connective tissue that primarily binds muscle to muscle.

Depending on the portion of the ligament, the ischiofemoral ligament resists femoral (hip) extension, internal rotation, and adduction. The lateral fibers of this ligament resist internal rotation and extension, while its more superior fibers resist adduction. External rotation is resisted primarily by the iliofemoral ligament.

The anterior cruciate ligament stabilizes the knee by preventing excess anterior tibial translation. The oblique popliteal ligament stabilizes the posteromedial ligament. The arcuate popliteal ligament stabilizes the posterolateral knee capsule.The cervical ligament helps stabilize the subtalar joint.

The sustentaculum tali projects from the medial calcaneus. It serves as an attachment site for the tibiocalcanel fibers of the deltoid ligament. Additionally, it serves an attachment for the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament.

The calcaneofibular ligament is located on the lateral side of the ankle instead of the medial side where the deltoid ligament is located. All other ligaments are part of the deltoid ligament of the ankle.

The posterior cruciate ligament is responsible for resisting hyperflexion of the knee joint. The anterior cruciate ligament is responsible for resisting hypertension of the knee joint. The transverse ligament is responsible for binding the anterior ends of the lateral and medial menisci.

All the other answer choices are also ligaments of the spinal cord. The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments run along the bodies of the vertebra rather than the laminae, and the nuchal ligament is a thin flap that connects from the cervical spine to the occipital bone. It helps prevent too much forward flexion of the head.

The medial ankle ligaments primarily resist eversion. Accordingly, the deltoid ligament resists eversion, not inversion. Although the cervical ligament does resist ankle movements in multiple directions, it primarily resists inversion. The anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneoufibular ligament both resist inversion when the ankle ins plantarflexed and dorsiflexed, respectively.

The AC ligament is affected when a sprain occurs causing a "separated shoulder." This ligament connects the acromion to the clavicle.

The ligament of Wrisberg is better known as the posterior meniscofemoral ligament. As the name suggests, it is found in the knee. It extends from the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the medial femoral condyle. Although its function is still being researched, current understanding suggests that the ligament stabilizes the meniscus to optimize contact between it and the femur.