Some sympathetic fibers pass through the paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk; other sympathetic fibers synapse there

Some sympathetic fibers leave the central nervous system (CNS) by specific cranial nerves

Sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord by dorsal roots of spinal nerves

Sympathetic stimulation causes dilation of blood vessels in the skin of the back and limbs

III, VII, IX, and X

III, VII, VIII, and IX

VII, IX, and X

VII and IX

III, VII, IX, and XI

Long preganglionic fiber, short postganglionic fiber

Short preganglionic fiber, long postganglionic fiber

Short preganglionic fiber, short postganglionic fiber

Long preganglionic fiber, long postganglionic fiber

You will observe mydriasis (pupil dilation)

You will observe miosis (pupil constriction)

There will be no change in pupil size because the pupils do not have muscarinic receptors

The iris sphincter muscles would experience a relaxed paralysis

The iris sphincter muscles would experience a contracted paralysis

You will observe mydriasis (pupil dilation)

You will observe miosis (pupil constriction)

There will be no change in pupil size because the pupils do not have muscarinic receptors

The iris sphincter muscles would experience a relaxed paralysis

The iris sphincter muscles would experience a contracted paralysis

Some sympathetic fibers pass through the paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk; other sympathetic fibers synapse there

Some sympathetic fibers leave the central nervous system (CNS) by specific cranial nerves

Sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord by dorsal roots of spinal nerves

Sympathetic stimulation causes dilation of blood vessels in the skin of the back and limbs

Long preganglionic fiber, short postganglionic fiber

Short preganglionic fiber, long postganglionic fiber

Short preganglionic fiber, short postganglionic fiber

Long preganglionic fiber, long postganglionic fiber

III, VII, IX, and X

III, VII, VIII, and IX

VII, IX, and X

VII and IX

III, VII, IX, and XI

You will observe mydriasis (pupil dilation)

You will observe miosis (pupil constriction)

There will be no change in pupil size because the pupils do not have muscarinic receptors

The iris sphincter muscles would experience a relaxed paralysis

The iris sphincter muscles would experience a contracted paralysis

Long preganglionic fiber, short postganglionic fiber

Short preganglionic fiber, long postganglionic fiber

Short preganglionic fiber, short postganglionic fiber

Long preganglionic fiber, long postganglionic fiber