Which of the following is not considered to be a function of the kidney?

A patient presents with severe diarrhea and his test results show a significant loss of . It is likely that the physician will diagnose the patient with:

Obstruction in the ureters will have what effect on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Which of the following is the best estimate for serum osmolality?

Which of the following kidney structures is the connection point between the bladder and the kidney itself?

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the kidney?