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Which enzyme is responsible for forming a new strand of DNA?
DNA polymerase is responsible for joining nucleotide subunits to form the new strand of DNA during replication. In contrast, RNA polymerase will join nucleotides to form strands of RNA during transcription. Amylase is found in saliva and catalyzes the breakdown of starch and carbohydrates. Synthases are a class of enzyme that act as catalysts for joining two molecules. Helicase uncoils double-stranded DNA, allowing the formation of the replication fork.
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To what process does the term "transcription" refer?
The conversion of DNA into RNA is known as transcription. A DNA template is read to produce a complementary RNA strand.
The conversion of RNA to protein is described by translation, and is completed with the help of mRNA. You cannot transition from DNA straight to protein without these intermediary steps. tRNA is used to carrying amino acids to a growing polypeptide, and rRNA is used to build ribosomes, but these processes are not considered parts of transcription.
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When considering the regulatory processes behind DNA replication, what is special about chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes?
Replication of chloroplast cells in plants and mitochondrial DNA in advanced cells occurs independently of the cell cycle, follwing instead the process known as D-Loop Replication.
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