Plants and the animals that pollinate them

Analogous structures, such as fins, that develop on species that are not closely related

Domestic dogs that have been bred for certain phenotypic traits, resulting in different breeds

Two or more closely related populations that becomes more and more dissimilar due to differing habitats

Large populations have a fairly stable allele frequency, and therefore a small degree of genetic drift

Large populations routinely undergo abrupt changes in allele frequency and exhibit a large degree of genetic drift

Failure of a single individual to reproduce can significantly alter allele frequency of the population

A higher level of reproduction by an individual of the population can contribute significantly to genetic drift

A small prokaryote was engulfed by a larger prokaryote, and both organisms flourished after the engulfment.

A small prokaryote was engulfed by a larger eukaryote, and both organisms flourished after the engulfment.

A small eukaryote was engulfed by a larger eukaryote, and both organisms flourished after the engulfment.

A virus was engulfed by a prokaryote and the prokaryote flourished after the engulfment.

A virus was engulfed by a eukaryote, and the eukaryote flourished after the engulfment.

There are always differences in the genes of individuals of a species. Some differences give certain individuals a better chance of survival. In each generation, those individuals best-suited to survive the current conditions will have the highest success in passing on their genes. Over many generations, the accumulation of these changes leads to the creation of new species from existing species.

There are always differences in the genes of individuals of a species. Some differences give certain individuals a better chance of survival. In each generation, those individuals least-suited to survive the current conditions will have the highest success in passing on their genes. Over many generations, the accumulation of these changes leads to the creation of new species from existing species.

There are always differences in the genes of individuals of a species. Some differences give certain individuals a better chance of survival. In each generation, those individuals best-suited to survive the current conditions will have the lowest success in passing on their genes. Over many generations, the accumulation of these changes leads to the creation of new species from existing species.

There are always differences in the genes of individuals of a species. Some differences give certain individuals a better chance of survival. In each generation, those individuals best-suited to survive the current conditions will have the highest success in passing on their genes. In a single generation, the accumulation of these changes leads to the creation of new species from existing species.

Individuals

Species

Communities

Envrionment

Populations

Sexual dimorphism

Genetic drift

Evolutionary monomorphism

The sperm-egg model

Coevolution

Stabilizing selection

Founder effect

Genetic hitchhiking

The black moths came to represent most of the population of peppered moths, and white moths became much less common.

It experienced no changes due to the pollution.

The black moth phenotype died out entirely, leaving the population composed of entirely white moths.

The predators of the moths specifically began to eat more black moths than white moths.

The black moths developed an additional defensive mechanism—spots on their wings resembling eyes.

The presence of the brown anoles in the same habitat as green anoles, causing an increase in the number of toe pads in green anoles

Ocean acidification, causing a depletion of calcium carbonate from shelled organisms and eventually fragile shells

The presence of wolves in grasslands populated by elk, causing the elk to take refuge in surrounding forests with less energy-dense food until wolves leave

The presence of diurnally active predators causing the extinction of zooplankton in a laboratory experiment

None are instances of selective pressures

A frog begins its life as a tadpole, but becomes an amphibian.

When the Grand Canyon formed, it geographically divided a squirrel population into two populations, which developed into distinct species.

Finches in the Galapagos islands have diversified over time into many species each well-suited for eating a particular type of food.

Over many generations, wild teosinte has become maize.