Which of the following is one of Charles Darwin’s theories about evolution and natural selection, known as descent with modification?

Which of the following best describes Darwin's theory of natural selection?

In a particular population of island finches, smaller than average individuals suffer from reduced fitness because they cannot consume the larger seeds that appear in abundance in their habitat. Likewise, larger than average individuals of the same species suffer from reduce fitness due to increased predation from raptors on the island. What type of selection would result from this scenario?

Individuals of a particular species of ginger plants that are homoygous recessive for alleles of a gene that regulates height are phenotypically sickly and small. There are two population of ginger plants in this region: a population that grows near the river and another population that grows in the mountains. The river population has a high percentage of heterozygous individuals carrying the recessive allele, with some homozygotes that are sickly. Close to no individuals carry the recessive allele in the mountains. Considering how natural selection affects allele frequencies, what is a potential reason this recessive allele exists in the river population?

The theory that the most well-adapted individuals in one generation tend to be the ones that leave the most offspring is called __________.

Several individuals in a population of green beetles acquire a mutation that makes them blue and toxic to their primary predatory bird species. What do you expect will happen to this population over time?

Which of the following is not a result of natural selection?

Birds of the same species were blown from the mainland to a nearby island in a storm. While living on the island, natural selection acts in favor of the birds with smaller beaks, as birds with large and medium sized beaks have a harder time gathering food. This process is an example of which of the following choices?

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other is known as ___________.

According to Darwin, the results of natural selection are best described by which of the following choices?

I. Unity of life

II. Diversity of life

III. Match between organism and their environment

IV. An organism's relative fitness