Gustation - GRE Subject Test: Psychology

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Question

Patients with which of the following disorders are sometimes known to develop hypersensitivity of taste: hypergeusia?

Answer

Addison's disease, a chronic disorder of the endocrine system, is caused by an inability of the adrenal glands to produce sufficient steroid hormones (specifically, two types of necessary natural corticosteroids). In addition to causing renal insufficiency and muscle weakness, Addison's has been known to idiopathically—through an unknown mechanism—hyper-sensitize one or more senses in the body, most commonly taste.

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Question

Which of the following is true regarding taste receptors that correspond to salty and sour dimensions of taste?

Answer

The receptors for salty and sour are believed to be ion sensors. MSG stimulates receptors corresponding to unami. PROP causes an intense bitter sensation in "supertasters." Sweet and bitter receptors are believed to be similar to odorant receptors because molecules dock on transmembrane receptors in order to initiate an action potential.

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