Chromatography involves the separation of a mixture by allowing a mobile phase to travel along a stationary phase. In thin layer chromatography (TLC), a liquid solution is able to travel along a stationary plate. The distance that a particular compound travels compared to another compound can be determined by comparing the Rf factors for each compound. The Rf factor is determined by dividing the compound's distance by the total distance of the solvent.

Which of the following compounds would have the smallest Rf factor in a standard thin-layer chromatography (TLC) experiment?

Which of the following functional groups would be expected to have the largest value during a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) experiment with an ether solvent?

Which of the following purification techniques would best separate a nonpolar solute from a polar solute?