Understanding Receptors - GRE Subject Test: Biology
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When presented with its ligand, glutamate, a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) can do any of the following except __________.
When presented with its ligand, glutamate, a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) can do any of the following except __________.
The key here is knowing that metabotropic receptors are NOT ion channels. They exert their effects through downstream signaling cascades. Ions cannot travel through a metabotropic receptor.
All other answers are potential outcomes of activating an mGluR.
The key here is knowing that metabotropic receptors are NOT ion channels. They exert their effects through downstream signaling cascades. Ions cannot travel through a metabotropic receptor.
All other answers are potential outcomes of activating an mGluR.
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Once a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) has bound to its ligand, which of the following steps allows the 
subunit to dissociate from the receptor and trigger downstream cascades?
Once a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) has bound to its ligand, which of the following steps allows the
The G-proteins associated with the intracellular terminal of a GPCR dissociate when the change in conformation of the G-protein allows for a GTP to replace a GDP bound to the G-protein. ATP and ions are not at play here, nor is there degradation of the receptor's intracellular tail. It is the binding of GTP alone that triggers the cascading results of the protein's activation.
The G-proteins associated with the intracellular terminal of a GPCR dissociate when the change in conformation of the G-protein allows for a GTP to replace a GDP bound to the G-protein. ATP and ions are not at play here, nor is there degradation of the receptor's intracellular tail. It is the binding of GTP alone that triggers the cascading results of the protein's activation.
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known for their role in innate immunity in humans and in many other organisms. How do these receptors induce downstream signaling to induce an innate immune response?
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known for their role in innate immunity in humans and in many other organisms. How do these receptors induce downstream signaling to induce an innate immune response?
TLRs are transmembrane receptors that have an extracellular leucine-rich region that recognize PAMPs. Recognition of a pathogen factor causes the intracellular toll-interleukin-1 domain to bind adaptor proteins to induce expression of genes responsible for initiating an innate immune response.
TLRs are transmembrane receptors that have an extracellular leucine-rich region that recognize PAMPs. Recognition of a pathogen factor causes the intracellular toll-interleukin-1 domain to bind adaptor proteins to induce expression of genes responsible for initiating an innate immune response.
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Paracrine signaling refers to which type of cell signaling?
Paracrine signaling refers to which type of cell signaling?
Paracrine signaling refers to close range cell to cell signaling. This is different from endocrine signaling in which signaling molecules (hormones) are released into the blood stream in order to communicate with distant cells.
Autocrine signaling is a type of signaling in where the signaling molecule and the receptor for that messenger are found on the same cell. Cell signaling across a synapse is called synaptic signaling.
Paracrine signaling refers to close range cell to cell signaling. This is different from endocrine signaling in which signaling molecules (hormones) are released into the blood stream in order to communicate with distant cells.
Autocrine signaling is a type of signaling in where the signaling molecule and the receptor for that messenger are found on the same cell. Cell signaling across a synapse is called synaptic signaling.
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