Understanding Mitochondria and Chloroplasts - GRE Subject Test: Biology

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Question

Chloroplasts are found primarily in which cell type?

Answer

Chloroplasts are found primarily in the mesophyll cells. Mesophyll cells are the green colored tissue that is found within the leaf. It is the abundance of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll that give the mesophyll cells their green coloring. Parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and collenchyma cells are all found within the shoot and root of the plant, not in the leaves. These cell types have little to no chloroplasts within their membranes.

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Question

The inner mitochondrial membrane is organized into cristae, which essentially results in a series of folds within the mitochondria. Which of the following best describes the primary advantage to having cristae in inner compartments of mitochondria?

Answer

ATP synthase and cytochromes stud the inner membrane, and more surface area means that more of them can be present in each mitochondrion. This increases the capacity to generate ATP.

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