Eukaryotic transcription requires many proteins interacting in a coordinated fashion to drive the process of converting DNA to RNA. RNA polymerase, the enzyme that initiates transcription, needs a number of factors and components to being transcribing a gene. Which of the following answers is not one of these factors?

In eukaryotes, promoter sequences are regulatory elements found upstream of the transcription start site. Promoter sequences are required for transcription factors and RNA polymerase to recognize and bind to the DNA strand, thus promoting transcription of the genes on that strand and production of mRNA.

mRNA is ultimately translated into proteins, i.e. gene products. Consider a mutation in the promoter sequence that increases the affinity of RNA polymerase for the DNA strand. Compared to a sequence where the promoter sequence is wild-type, which of the outcomes below is most likely for this mutated promoter region?

Which of the following are commonly found in a eukaryotic RNA-polymerase-II-dependent promoter?

I. Shine-Delgarno sequence

II. TATA element

III. Ribosomal binding site

What is the region of DNA where transcription factors and RNA polymerase bind, and that is also responsible for regulating transcription?