When the compounds have similar polarities, but differing solubilities.

When the compounds have similar molecular weights, but differing polarities.

When the compounds have differing molecular weights, but similar solubilities.

When the compounds have differing conjugated double bond lengths, but similar molecular weights.

All of these

Hydrodynamic injection

Pressure injection

Electrokinetic injection

Siphoning

All of these

Data collection can be done in real-time

Less sample consumption

Automatable sample loading

Reproducibility of matrix viscosity

Melting of the DNA template, producing single-stranded DNA to which primers can bind

Activation of Taq polymerase

Degradation of non-target sequences within the template

Solubilizing the dNTPs

Bringing the reaction to the optimal temperature for annealing of the primers to the template

Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)

Western blot

Southern blot

Northern blot

Bradford assay

All of these

Buffer system

Positive and negative electrodes

Detector

Polymer

To determine if a certain protein binds a DNA sequence

To separate DNA fragments by size

To separate proteins by size

To separate proteins by charge

To determine if two proteins interact with one another