A cell line was engineered to contain and express a DNA sequence frequently associated with pancreatic cancer, with the hope that the cell line will undergo rapid cell division much like the cancerous cells. You want to test whether or not the cell line is efficiently transcribing this DNA by measuring the quantity of mRNA produced. Which of the following methods would be best suited for testing this?

Which of the following probes are most commonly used in southern blotting?

Which of the following techniques would be most useful to study gene expression?

Which of the following blots is used to identify known RNA fragments?