GRE Subject Test: Biology

This subject covers the key concepts and topics tested in the GRE Subject Test for Biology, including cellular biology, genetics, and ecology.

Cell Structure and FunctionMolecular GeneticsPrinciples of Ecology
Cellular Metabolism and BioenergeticsGenetic Inheritance and Mendelian LawsPopulation Dynamics and Evolution
Biotechnology in MedicineEcology and Environmental ConservationGenetic Testing and Personalized Medicine
Time Management for the GRE Biology TestActive Recall and Practice TestingBreaking Down Complex Questions
Cell Structure and F...Molecular GeneticsPrinciples of Ecolog...Cellular Metabolism ...Genetic Inheritance ...Population Dynamics ...Biotechnology in Med...Ecology and Environm...Genetic Testing and ...Time Management for ...Active Recall and Pr...Breaking Down Comple...
Basic Concepts

Molecular Genetics

The Blueprint of Life

Genetics is all about how traits are passed from one generation to another. At the molecular level, it's DNA and RNA that do all the heavy lifting!

DNA Structure and Function

  • Double helix: Two strands twisted together
  • Nucleotides: Building blocks (A, T, C, G)
  • Replication: DNA makes a copy of itself before cells divide

From DNA to Protein

  1. Transcription: DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA)
  2. Translation: mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to build proteins

Mutations and Their Impact

Mutations are changes in DNA, which can lead to diseases (like cystic fibrosis) or drive evolution.

Why It Matters

Understanding genetics helps us solve crimes (forensics), treat genetic disorders, and even modify crops for better yields.

Examples

  • Gene therapy replaces faulty genes to treat genetic diseases.

  • Genetic fingerprinting helps identify individuals in forensic science.

In a Nutshell

Molecular genetics explains how DNA and RNA control heredity and protein production.

Next
Principles of Ecology