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Microtubules are present in which of the following structures?
I. Cilia
II. Flagella
III. Microvilli
Cilia, microvilli, and flagella are all protrusions from the cell body. Cilia and flagella have functions in cell motility and contain organized systems of microtubules and motor proteins. Microvilli are often used as mechanosensors and are primarily made of cross-linked actin filaments. Microtubules are, therefore, found primarily in cilia and flagella, but no in microvilli.
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A mutation in which of the following proteins would affect the functionality of eukaryotic flagella?
I. Dynein
II. Kinesin
III. Myosin
Eukaryotic flagella are primarily composed of microtubules and the motor protein dynein. Hydrolysis of ATP by dynein produces a sliding movement of the microtubule filaments that produces movement.
Kinesin is a motor protein that associates with microtubules, but it is not present in flagella. Myosin is a motor protein that associates with actin microfilaments.
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Which cell organelle can be described as a big tail projecting from the cell like a motor?
Flagella are long, hair-like extensions of the plasma membrane. The movement of flagella propel some cells through fluid.
Mitochondria are the site of the reactions of aerobic metabolism and ATP synthesis. Centrioles consist of microtubules at the base of cilia and flagella, and are involved in spindle cell formation during cell division. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm that give shape to a cell and is typically involved in cell movement. A pilus is a hair-like projection located on the surface of certain bacteria and is typically used to attach a bacterium to another cell.
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