Introns

Exons

Internal transcribed spacers

Inter genic regions

Micro RNAs

cRNA

rRNA

mRNA

tRNA

Genetic information coding for an amino acid sequence that will form a functional protein

Intervening non-coding segments of DNA

Set of genes that are adjacent to one another in the genome and are coordinately controlled

Site where repressor proteins bind

exon reversal

skipped exon

dual splice site

alternative 3' splicing

The tail adds stability to the transcript, controlling the time of degradation.

The 3' tail signals the end of transcription by the RNA polymerase.

The poly-A tail facilitates the binding of ribosomes.

The poly-A tail facilitates the splicing of introns.

The poly-A tail is a part of the protein translated from the mRNA.

RNA protein complexes that combine with pre-mRNA and other proteins to form a spliceosome

RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

RNA molecules that serve as the link between the nucleotide sequence of nucleic acids and the amino acid sequence of proteins

RNA component of the ribosome, essential for protein synthesis

Major RNAs

Long non-coding RNA

MicroRNAs

Piwi-interacting RNAs

Short interfering RNAs

Nucleotide excision repair

Capping of the 5' end

Polyadenylation of the 3' end

Splicing and removal of introns

Splicing repressors bind splicing silencers and decrease nearby splice junction activity. Splicing activators bind splicing enhancers and increase likelihood of proximal sites as splice junction.

Splicing repressors bind splicing silencers and increase nearby splice junction activity. Splicing activators bind splicing enhancers and decrease likelihood of proximal sites as splice junction.

Splicing repressors bind splicing silencers and decrease nearby splice junction activity. Splicing activators bind splicing promoters and increase likelihood of proximal sites as splice junction.

Insulators bind splicing silencers and decrease nearby splice junction activity. Splicing activators bind splicing enhancers and increase likelihood of proximal sites as splice junction.

Heterochromatin prevents alternative splicing whereas euchromatin promotes alternative splicing