Plastocyanin

Ferredoxin

Cytochrome c

NADP+

NADPH

NADH

ATP

Glucose

Light excites photosystem II to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen ions accumulate in the thylakoid space. Hydrogen moves down its concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma by passing through ATP synthase, fueling the synthesis of ATP

Light excites photosystem I to generate electrons that pass through the thylakoid membrane to excite ATP synthase to generate ATP

The mechanism by which ATP synthase is fueled is not entirely known

Light excites photosystem II to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Oxygen accumulates in the thylakoid space. Oxygen then moves down its concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma by passing through ATP synthase, fueling the synthesis of ATP

NADPH is formed from NADP+ reductase in the thylakoid membrane. NADPH can then donate hydrogen to ATP synthase to fuel the synthesis of ATP