This subject covers key concepts and principles in biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology as tested in the GRE Subject Test.
Living organisms are made up of molecules called biomolecules. These include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each type has a unique structure and function, but all are essential for life.
Carbohydrates are sugars and starches that provide energy. Their basic unit is the monosaccharide, like glucose \((C_6H_{12}O_6)\). They can form complex structures such as cellulose in plants and glycogen in animals.
Proteins are made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They perform diverse roles: enzymes (speeding up reactions), structural components, transporters, and more.
Lipids include fats, oils, and phospholipids. They store energy and make up cell membranes.
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, storing and transmitting genetic information.
| Type | Building Block | Example | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate | Monosaccharide | Glucose | Energy |
| Protein | Amino Acid | Hemoglobin | Transport/Others |
| Lipid | Fatty Acid | Triglyceride | Storage/Membrane |
| Nucleic Acid | Nucleotide | DNA | Information |
Bread provides carbohydrates that fuel your morning run.
Proteins in egg whites help build your muscles after a workout.
Biomolecules are the essential building blocks of life, each with unique roles.