Why Are We All Different?

Genetic variation is what makes every living thing unique. It comes from differences in DNA sequences between individuals of the same species.

Sources of Variation

• Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence, which can happen randomly or due to environmental factors like radiation.
• Genetic Recombination: When parents combine their genes in new ways during reproduction.
• Gene Flow: Movement of genes between populations (like when animals migrate and breed).

Mutations: Good, Bad, or Neutral?

Not all mutations are harmful. Some have no effect, while others can be beneficial or cause diseases. Mutations are the raw material for evolution, leading to new traits that might help organisms survive in changing environments.

How Do We Detect Mutations?

Scientists can use DNA sequencing to spot mutations, which helps in diagnosing genetic diseases and understanding evolution.

Real-World Impact

Genetic variation is why some people can digest milk as adults, while others are lactose intolerant. It’s also why some plants can resist certain pests.

Mutation Rates

Most mutations are rare, but over many generations, they add up and create the diversity we see in all living things.