Card 0 of 10
For this question, consider the following code:
private static class Philosopher {
private String name;
private String favoriteSubject;
public Philosopher(String n, String f) {
name = n;
favoriteSubject = f;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public String getFavoriteSubject() {
return favoriteSubject;
}
public void speak() {
System.out.println("Hello, World! My name is "+name + ". My favorite subject is "+favoriteSubject);
}
}
private static class Nominalist extends Philosopher {
boolean franciscan;
public Nominalist(String n,boolean frank) {
super(n,"logic");
franciscan = frank;
}
public void speak() {
super.speak();
if(franciscan) {
System.out.println("I am a Franciscan");
} else {
System.out.println("I am not a Franciscan");
}
}
public String whoMightHaveTaughtMe() {
if(franciscan) {
return "Perhaps William of Ockham?....";
} else {
return "Perhaps it was Durandus of St. Pourçain — scandalous, a Dominican nominalist!";
}
}
}
public static void main(String\[\] args) {
Philosopher p = new Nominalist("Nicanor",false);
System.out.println(p.whoMightHaveTaughtMe());
}
What is the output for this main method?
When you assign a subclass (like Nominalist) to a super class (like Philosopher) you will not be able to call any of the subclass-specific methods on the variable in question. This code does just that, which will prevent the code from compiling.
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Consider the following code:
private static class Philosopher {
private String name;
private String favoriteSubject;
public Philosopher(String n, String f) {
name = n;
favoriteSubject = f;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public String getFavoriteSubject() {
return favoriteSubject;
}
public void speak() {
System.out.println("Hello, World! My name is "+name + ". My favorite subject is "+favoriteSubject);
}
}
private static class Nominalist extends Philosopher {
boolean franciscan;
public Nominalist(String n,boolean frank) {
super(n,"logic");
franciscan = frank;
}
public void speak() {
super.speak();
if(franciscan) {
System.out.println("I am a Franciscan");
} else {
System.out.println("I am not a Franciscan");
}
}
public String whoMightHaveTaughtMe() {
if(franciscan) {
return "Perhaps William of Ockham?....";
} else {
return "Perhaps it was Durandus of St. Pourçain — scandalous, a Dominican nominalist!";
}
}
}
public static void main(String\[\] args) {
Philosopher\[\] phils = {
new Philosopher("Petrus","Ethics"),
new Nominalist("Minimus Maximus",false),
new Nominalist("Theodoric",true)};
for(int i = 0; i < phils.length; i++) {
phils\[i\].speak();
}
}
What is the output for the code above?
Three things must be kept in mind for this question. First (and foremost), given the way that inheritance works, you know that for each object, you will get an output that matches the given object's particular type—even though the array is an array of the superclass type (namely Philosopher). Second, you must notice that the lines "I am a Franciscan" and "I am not a Franciscan" come a line after the data before it (which is printed by using the super call). Finally, be careful about punctuation! There are periods missing in some of the output lines.
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Consider the following code:
public class Rectangle {
private double width, height;
public Rectangle(double w,double h) {
width = w;
height = h;
}
``
public double getArea() {
return width * height;
}
``
public double getPerimeter() {
return 2 * width + 2 * height;
}
}
``
public class Square {
private double side;
public Square(double s) {
side = s;
}
public double getArea() {
return side * side;
}
public double getPerimeter() {
return 4 * side;
}
}
Which of the following represents a redefinition of Square that utilizes the benefits of inheritance?
We know that a square really is just a subclass of a rectangle, for it is merely a rectangle having four sides that are all equal. Using inheritance, you can very easily reuse much of your Rectangle code. First, you need to extend the Rectangle class:
public class Square extends Rectangle { . . .
Next, you can be rid of the field side. This allows you to alter the constructor for Square to call the Rectangle constructor. You do this using super(because Rectangle is the superclass).
After this, you can delete the getArea and getPerimeter methods, for they will be handled by the superclass. This gives you a very simple bit of code!
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Which of the following is TRUE about the Object class?
Object is the most basic class which all others, even user made ones, inherit. Therefore, all classes have Object's methods. A way to think of classes is to think of a tree: the Object class is the lowest node on the tree, where all other nodes can connect back to.
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class Z
{
public:
void Func4();
};
class Y : public Z
{
public:
virtual void Func3();
};
class B : public Y
public:
virtual void Func1();
void Func2();
};
class C : public B
public:
virtual void Func1();
};
What is the base class in the above code.
The base class is a class that doesn't derivate from any other class. Starting from the bottom of the code, we see that class C is inherited from class B, which is inherited from class Y, which is finally inherited by class Z. Class Z is the base class.
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class Pet {
public:
Pet() {}
virtual void bar() {cout << "In pet bar(); }
};
class Cat : public Pet {
public:
virtual void eat() {cout << "Cat eating"; }
virtual void bar() {cout << "In Cat bar()"; }
};
Given the above classes, what would the result of:
int main(){
Pet * petPtr = new Cat();
petPtr -> eat();
}
When a child class inherits the properties of a parent class, some attributes are inherited and some aren't. In C++, the constructor of the parent class is not inherited. The Cat class does not have a constructor therefore the program will not compile.
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class Pet {
public:
Pet() {}
virtual void bar() {cout << "In pet bar(); }
};
class Cat : public Pet {
public:
virtual void eat() {cout << "Cat eating"; }
virtual void bar() {cout << "In Cat bar()"; }
};
Given the above classes, what would the result of:
int main(){
Cat felix;
Pet peeve;
peeve = felix;
peeve.bar();
}
The Cat class is inherited from the Pet class and an instance of each object is created in main.
peeve = felix;
When felix is assigned to peeve, it loses it's atributes as a Cat and now becomes a Pet. When the bar method is called, it will call bar inside the Pet class and not the Cat class.
If the line of code was:
felix = peeve;
Then, the program will crash. This crashes because we are trying to assign a Pet (which is the parent), to a Cat (which is a child class). Assigning a parent to a child will cause a Slicing Problem because the parent is "bigger" than the child. If you try to put something big (a Pet) into a small container (a Cat), it will not work.
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class Member{
public:
Member() { cout<< 1 ; }
};
class Base{
public:
Base(){ cout<< 1; }
Memeber member;
};
class Derived : public Base{
public:
Derived(){ cout << 3; }
};
int main(){
Derived der;
}
Given the code above, what is the output of the program?
When an object is created the order of which everything is created is as follows:
1. Member variables are created first.
2. The constructor of the parent class called (if the object has a parent)
3. The object's own constructor is called.
Following the code, we can see that a Derived object is created in main. Since the Derived class has a parent, the call order jumps to the Base class. Now we are inside the Base class, nothing has been outputted yet. Inside the Base class, the local variables are created first. This brings us to the Member class.
In the Member class, the constructor is called and 1 is outputted.
After this, we jump back to the constructor of the Base class and 2 is outputted.
Finally, we get back to where we started, the Derived class. The constructor of derived is called and 3 is outputted. The final output is 123.
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True or False.
The class BetterMan inherits from the class Man.
public class BetterMan extends Man {
}
The class BetterMan inherits methods from the class man. The keyword "extends" means that BetterMan will get all the methods from Man plus be able to extend the class by adding its own methods. All methods from Man can be used in BetterMan by calling the keyword better.
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What does the code print?
class Parent{
final public void show() {
`` System.out.println( "Parent::show() called" );
`` }
}
``
class Child extends Parent {
`` public void show() {
`` System.out.println( "Child::show() called" );
`` }
}
``
public class Main {
`` public static void main(String[] args) {
Parent parent = new Child();
parent .show();
`` }
}
Final methods can't be overriden. So the code won't compile because of this. Now if the final modifier were to be removed. The code would compile and run and produce:
Child::show()
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